Collapse of Bronze Age Greece Essay - 1955 Words

The Bronze Age in Greece was a period of time in which their civilization flourished. They were a main power at the time and seemed to have everything they wanted in the palm of their hands. Many other civilizations have a period of time also known as the Bronze Age, however, the bronze age of Greece is widely known to be the most prolific and dominant in history. The Greece Bronze Age is estimated to have lasted from between 8th to 6th century BC to about 146BC. Nobody knows for sure the exact time period in which it began and ended. However, these are the dates that are most widely known to be accurate. No other civilization has been able to remain a dominant world power longer than this time period, which is why this is such an†¦show more content†¦All of these civilizations came and went at different times throughout the duration of Bronze Age Greece. All of them were drastically important in maintaining the great power of the area during a time of such havoc and turmoil. Much like anything in life, all good things must come to an end eventually. The Bronze Age Greece almost completely fell by 146BC. There are a number of different reasons why the collapse of the Bronze Age Greece occurred. In the following sections we will discuss several reasons for the collapse of this once great society. Possibly the most important cause for the fall of the Golden Age Greece was the Battle of Corinth. It occurred in 146BC and officially marked the complete fall of the Greek resistance against the Roman Republic. This was such a destructive turning point for Greece because the city of Corinth possessed masses of wealth. It was a main hub of activity and politics for the Greece civilization. The battle occurred during a time when the Roman Republic sought to overtake Greece and all of its corresponding states. Rome had been proving its great military strength and superiority to neighboring nations previous to the Battle of Corinth. This period outlines the fall of the Greece nation and the rise of the Roman Republic. Corinth was one of the most powerful at that time. After the battle, the rest of Greece fell to the Romans as well. The Greek states tried to hold off and resist RomanShow MoreRelated Mycenaean Civilization Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesMycenaean Civilization The Mycenaean civilization flourished for four hundred years in the late Bronze Age before collapsing in to small bands of subsistence farmers. Some historians attribute this decline to ‘the Sea People’ who terrorized the Egyptians, Anatolians and the Hittites. But could a mysterious people who left no archeological proof of their existence really bring about the collapse of entire civilizations? Mycenaean civilization is characterized by the large palace-like buildingsRead MoreEssay about greek and roman art history517 Words   |  3 Pages-nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kouros, Kore – male and female archaic sculptures. Classical Period -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;depict distinct motion (Apollo belvedere) 350 B.C roman copy -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;idealism, focusing on strength of Greece as a whole. Venus D’ Milo – Roman Goddess of love 100 B.C Located in the Louvre Athena Nike (Victory) 100 B.C Depicted w/ wings Not marble Standing in front of ship going into battle Also at the Louvre Hellenistic Period -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FigureRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Minoan2114 Words   |  9 Pageswas the mythical land of Atlantis. They were located near the Aegean Sea and lands such as Greece, Troy and Asia Minor. One interesting fact is that these people never called themselves the Minoans. There wasn’t any name listed in the history books for these people but the Ancient Crete Civilization. They were known as the Crete Civilization because they lived on the island of Crete which is now part of Greece. It wasn’t until a 19th century British Archeologist, Sir Author Evans gave them the nameRead MoreEssay about ITW1 Task 1 1121304 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ ITW1 Task 1 Literature, Arts and the Humanities: Analysis and Interpretation Comparing Classical and Middle Age Art Periods 112.1.2 The Fourth and Fifth centuries brought the Classical Art period to Greece. This was a very significant period for Greek art. Before this time, art lacked dimension and intensity, but the onset of the classical period brought with it influential architecture, vase paintings and sculptures, giving life to its subjects. Many modern day artists draw their creativeRead MoreAn Overview of the Greek and Roman Empire1654 Words   |  7 Pagesthe development of Greek history. Much of Greece consists of small plains river valleys surrounded by high mountain ranges. The mountain isolated Greeks from one another, causing different Greek communities to develop their own ways of life. The sea also influenced the evolution of Greek society. The Greeks lived on a number of islands to the west, south, and east of the Greek mainland. By 2800 B.C, a Bronze Age civilization that used metals, especially bronze, in making weapons had been establishedRead MoreThe Roman And The Punic Wars1151 Words    |  5 Pagesreforms of the land. Because of the expansion of the their territory, and the form of slavery, Rome latter had to deal with many corruptions of the emperors. Which latter let the break up of the Empire. 10_ Point Essay 2. Confucius came after the collapse of the Chou Dynasty and China was in constant violence and war. After the destruction of china, two schools emerged. The legalism and Confucianism. The Confucianism believed a good government was accomplished by maintaining a good tradition by personalRead MoreThe Greek And Greek Dark Age1961 Words   |  8 PagesThe Greek Dark Age was a period spanning from 1200BCE to 800BCE that took place after the collapse of Mycenaean civilisation. There are many theories as to why the Mycenaean civilisation collapsed perhaps the most popular being the invasion of the Dorian’s, this theory backed up by such evidence as the adoption of previously unfamiliar burial rights such as cremation . It is the collapse of this empire then that leads to a dilemma, did this event cause a Dark Age within Greece, a loss of civilisationRead MoreSimilarities Between Dark Ages And The Dark Ages948 Words   |  4 Pages Classical Vs the Dark Ages If you were to compare how relations between city-states were during the dark ages of Greece to the classical era of Greece. You would come along a lot of differences and some similarities that might shock you, they sure did me. You can find differences and similarities in many aspects of their civilization: politics, culture, warfare, and economics. The dark ages of Greece lacked writing so a lot of what we know is indirect. Such as â€Å"Achilles’ Anger† excerpt from theRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Bronze Age1600 Words   |  7 PagesLong before the Romans and their empire, Greece was the major western civilization. Their dominance in the Mediterranean lasted from 1300 BCE to 300 CE. The Greeks didn’t remain stagnant for those 1600 years. Their culture was fluid, changing dramatically from where they started off. Through analysis of historical texts, we’re capable of watching as the culture changes, from monarchal rulers and a war-based society reveale d in the The Iliad, to the all-for-the-polis mentality presented in The LawsRead MoreThe Early History Of The Western Civilization1344 Words   |  6 Pageswill describe the Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Egyptians. Ancient Greece (800 B.C. and 500 B.C.) a moderately complex period in the world history. Even though ancient Greece had the most advanced technology, art, and poetry but well known for Polis or the city-state development. Which enhanced the clarifying characteristics of Greek political history for centuries (Making Europe, pg. 67). While the Greek Dark Ages people survived by migrating around Greece in poor farming villages.

The Cold War Was A Conflict Between Theu.s And No Longer...

The Cold War was a conflict between the U.S and no longer existent U.S.S.R. This was a war that that did not have direct combat involved between the two powers, but a silent clash of ideals and the balance of power. This was a relatively long conflict lasting from 1945-1987 approximately, which luckily did not result in the use of newly invented nuclear weapons of mass destruction. The Cold War was a power struggle not only for two states, but two opposing ideologies, communism and capitalism. Both sides equally demonized the other for their beliefs and sought to gain the upper military hand over one another. Though the two nations never actuality fought on the battle field there were many close calls that would have decimated the world. The entire conflict instead had representatives fighting for the two states, or rather their ideals in theaters of war elsewhere, creating proxy wars. The beginning of the Cold War was the first nuclear bomb that struck Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 194 5 that shook the world. The bomb had two main goals, end the war with Japan, and send a power message to the USSR and re-establish the balance of power. The bomb rattled an already unstable relationship between the West and the USSR, further creating distrust between Stalin and the U.S. There was fear in Stalin because the U.S.S.R had no such nuclear capability and was aggravated that the U.S, their WWII ally, did not share its nuclear secrets. Thus began the path that saw nations representing

Video Games Do Not Contribute to Youth Violence Essay

Video games are not the cause of youth violence. There are many factors that have to be lined up to cause a child to be violent. For instance Many kids that become violent have had a rough life. They may have been poor, bullied, have alcoholic parents, neglected, or dont have parents at all (kids health). Over the years games have helped kids adapt to things in the world to better help their futures (washington post). Studies prove that video games can help children learn new mechanics (washington post). Also its a great way to blow of steam (Metro). Video games can cause problems with some children, but some of the fault is on the parents ( kids health). There have been many big controversies over videogames but the biggest controversy†¦show more content†¦The APA studied children who played shooter games over 2013 and found that kids who play shooter games improved their capacity to think about things in three dimensions (Washington Post). In another study they had they fo und that children who play role playing games like â€Å"call of duty† that they improve their problem solving skills and their school grads the following year ( washington post). Parents who are scared that their kids will become violent because of games can be relieved knowing that many kids get benefits from playing violent video games. Video games do have content that children should not see at a young age. Thats for the parents to decide what is ok for their children. Sometimes it is hard to believe that videogames are not a big factor in youth violence because many games have youth violence in them. Children that turn to youth violence usually has to do with the way they were raised or how they were treated at school or at home. Video games do cause problems in people. in a recent study 60% of middle school boys that played a mature game hit or beat someone due to violent video games(procon). If people dont want their children to be part of that 60% then explain to t hem that it is just a game dont blame the game companies because they specified the age group for that game (procon). Families are a major part in youth violence. families who have poor relationship or neglect their children could cause for their children to have mentalShow MoreRelated Violent Video Games Do NOT Contribute to Youth Violence Essay2434 Words   |  10 Pages Although violent video games are thought to encourage real world violence, they actually help to prevent it. I am focusing on violent video games and how they affect juveniles because I feel that this issue needs to be looked at in the criminal justice community. It is an unnecessary distraction to blame the actions of a disturbed youth on a form of entertainment that has been used by millions of people without incident. A review article published in The Psychiatric Quarterly found thatRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Make People More Violent?1277 Words   |  6 PagesDo Violent Video Games Make People M ore Violent in Real Life? The American Psychological Association reports that more than 90% of children in the United States play video games.Among kids between the ages of 12 and 17, the number rises to 97%. The psychological group also reported that 85% or more of video games on the market contain some form of violence (Do Video Games Lead to Violence). A video game may be considered violent if it contains â€Å"violent† language, gore/blood, and crime. Video gamesRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Cause Violence in Childen1049 Words   |  5 PagesDo Violent Video Games Influence Youth Violence Noel Averruz EN1420 ITT-Technical Institute Ever Since Violent Video Games were invented People have been trying to prove that they influence Violence in Juveniles. Although many prospective studies have been done on video game violence and the affect they have on the youth, none have been able to completely validate the claim that violent video games do influence the youth to become violent in their everyday lives. Out of the many studies thatRead MoreVideo Games And Youth Violence1181 Words   |  5 Pagespast few centuries,video games have become a great leisure and hobby among kids of all ages and cultures. With the advancement of technology, video games have advanced highly in its realism and genres. This high type of advancement brought the video game industry to a multi-billion dollar industry. However, with realism, comes negative effects as well. Ever since the creation of violent or â€Å"mature† video games, there has been a constant debate on whether it will increase violence in the player. AlthoughRead MoreThe Relationship between Video Games and Youth Violence811 Words   |  3 Pagesthat violence in video games have contributed to violent outbreaks of behavior in real life. Violent video games have been a political issue since the early 1980s; however, people forget to look at how people of all ages spend their free time playing these games for entertainment. 97% of 12-17 year olds in the US played video games in 2008, thus fueling an $11.7 billion domestic video game industry. In 2008, 10 of the top 20 best-selling video games in the US contained violence. Video games are aRead MoreThe Truth About Video Games1124 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped rapidly, video games have become more realistic in terms of violence. These games and systems have reached second in demand in the media industry following television (Rottenberg et al. 30). The human species is an inherently violent species in this generation. When we play video games for extended hours at a time, the game removes us from reality into a new dream world killing and fighting monsters, enemies, and villains. Most humans believe video games do not cause violence; however, drugRead MoreBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Violent Behavior1127 Words   |  5 PagesIt widely argued against whether violent video games can trigger violent behavior among those who play them. There s many cases of the violent video games being the main factor of the person being violent, however their is plenty of factors that play a role in the case from parental neglect to drug abuse. In 1983 C. Everett Koop, the U.S. Surgeon General, claimed that video games were a leading cause of family violence. Although video game advocates argue that majority of the research on the topicRead MoreVideo Game Violence : Virtual Violence1512 Words   |  7 Pages Video Game Violence: Virtual violence v. Real-world violence Miguel Rodriguez Holguin Southern New Hampshire University The video game industry has grown to gigantic proportions; it’s a medium of entertainment that has great influence over the youth and adults globally. As with any media channel it is diverse in its content from childish themes to more mature topics. The industry’s success has been plagued by many critics and sociology experts all whom criticize the library of violentRead MoreShould Violent Video Games Be Ban? Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesViolent video game had been a problem in the Unite States. Many people believe that violent video games should be banned, claiming they have negative effects on people.Violent video game is not like the real-world. Video games have become not only a form of entertainment, but also another way for people to escape reality and to enter their own virtual fantasy. James Gee explains that, if you blame violent video games for horrific events that have occurred is much like putting the blame on food for

My Experience Is Like A Lifelong Road - 987 Words

In every person’s lifetime, they endure phases of life in all aspects. Going through phases of life is like opening a door to enter a room. When a person goes through any form of entryway, they are entering another area from the one they were in previously. Entering another phase of life is similar in many ways to going through an entryway, as any person can exit an old phase of life and move on to another one. My adventure to UMass Lowell is like a lifelong road, one that has taken various turns throughout my childhood and teenage years, and has come to many stops along my most memorable moments. Like a long roadway, my childhood and adolescent years prior to college have gone through a long cycle of straightaways and turns. I was diagnosed with autism when I was about a year and a half old. Ever since my diagnosis, every new moment of my life has always been something different than the moments that have happened before. Sometimes the road of my life would always stay straig ht when I would develop into a change that would remain constant for a while, and would frequently make turns for an even better or even worse moment of my life whenever it would happen. The path my life’s road would take is dependent on the temporary or permanent changes that would occur in me, whether physically, mentally or socially, as well as all of the defining moments that I have been through over the years, leading up to attending UMass Lowell for the first time. From making new friends toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jon Krakauer s Into The Wild1555 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 9, 2014 Life on the Road? In Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild, A young man named Chris McCandless decides to escape the annoyance of his current life and live on the road, he pursues an incredible journey of adventure, danger and companionship. McCandless is a narcissist and believes that he can overcome any challenges that he faces because he is independent and is smarter than the average person. Krakauer emphasizes that arrogance will lead to failure in life; Just like McCandless believed everythingRead MoreMy Personal And Academic Life904 Words   |  4 PagesFamous professional boxer, Muhammad Ali, once said, â€Å"Float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.† My lifelong ambitions revolve around this central idea of striving and determination. By continuously encountering both positive and negative situations, I have still managed to stay aggressive and strong. This will help me learn that each step I take now and in the future dictates the progress in my life. Society always talks about how one can stay motivated and strive for success throughout life,Read MoreFive -Year Plan Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pages When developing a good five year career plan I had to ask myself where, I wanted to be in five years. This question would be critical for my future. When I was in school in thought, I knew my career path. I was convince I was going to become a nurse. As years past, I found myself moving away from nursing and interested in teaching. However, my transition would not be as smooth as once believed. According to Career vision, (2004), â€Å"for some people, the five year career plan may be a planRead MoreMedical Education : An Ongoing Process With Continuous Professional Development1654 Words   |  7 Pagesa product of schooling but rather of a lifelong attempt to acquire it. Therefore, medical education in the rapidly changing healthcare system is an ongoing process, with continuous professional development. At a given point in a nurse s live, one has to co me face to face with some of challenges that more often help in shaping the way one perceives medicine, thus enhancing our literacy to illnesses, wellness, as well as medicine. I have heard many experiences before that have given me more insightRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education1086 Words   |  5 PagesAs I continue to progress through my teaching journey, I have had the opportunity to do a lot of self-evaluation and dig deeper into what makes a great teacher. Since then there has always been a quote that has stuck with me, stated by Seymour Simon, an award winning children’s science author. â€Å"Im more interested in arousing enthusiasm in kids than in teaching the facts. The facts may change, but that enthusiasm for exploring the world will remain with them the rest of their lives.† I truly believeRead MoreAn Effective Classroom Management Plan Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity to engage in a learning experience which includes both socially acceptable behavior and content core material. The strategies within the proposal allows the teacher to reach the personal, psychological, and learning needs of the student while encouraging positive, productive behavior in order to reach students’ personal goals (Jones Jones, 2013, p. 1). One’s philosophy of classroom management becomes individualized because of the personal experiences and perspective which each instructorRead MoreChildhood Dreams : Why Not?1171 Words   |  5 Pagesinspiration from those innocent memories and mold it into our lifelong ambitions. Therefore, I believe the person who dares to nurture that spirit is the one who will succeed the most. I want to be that person. Inspired by my dream of becoming a culinary fairy since I was a little girl, my professional goal now is to become a general manager of an Asian restaurant when I enter my thirties. My passion for food came from my mother and my grandmother. I loved watching them putting together many amazingRead MoreThe Changes Experienced in Adolescence, Adulthood, and Midlife696 Words   |  3 PagesThere are a number of changes one experiences as one moves from adolescence to adulthood o midlife. For instance, as an adolescent, one behavior that was common to me, as it is to most adolescents, was the desire to test the limits. This is the parental balance that comes with temperament and experience how to set limits and guidelines while, at the same time, allowing the teen to make their own mistakes and constructively learn from those errors in judgement. Then, as we grow into adulthood, thereRead MoreInto The Wild By Jon Krakauer984 Words   |  4 Pageshimself and completing one of his lifelong dreams. The novel begins with the situation in which random bystanders who are hiking or hunting, find Christopher McCandless’s body in an abandoned bus in Fairbanks, Alask a and everything else that follows in the novel is the details about his traveling through multiple states. Even though the novel tells you exactly how Chris’ adventure ends, the reader is still compelled to read all the details about his experience because of how the author tells hisRead MoreGraduation Speech1128 Words   |  5 Pagesguests. I must first and foremost thank God for this blessing and honor to stand before you today as Valedictorian of the Class of 2011. Yet, today is not only my day to shine. Every graduate present here is deserving of high praise and recognition and I would like to congratulate each of you on reaching this milestone in life. I think I speak for my fellow graduates when I say that this is a moment we have always imagined and one we will remember for the rest of our lives. I come from a humble family

M3.04 Achieving Objectives Through Time Management Free Essays

Andrew Wilson. Level 3 Award in First Line Management. M3. We will write a custom essay sample on M3.04 Achieving Objectives Through Time Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now 04. Achieving Objectives through Time Management. Set SMART Objectives. Results can be achieved by setting objectives, either for yourself or your team. Objectives also provide structure in the workplace, if people know what to aim for; it will be easier for them to hit the target. Objectives set should be SMART, see below, S – Specific, M – Measurable, A – Achievable, R – Realistic / Relevant, T – Time bound, Objective1 – Relief Team Leader to close all completed work orders on the backlog list. Measurable by the reduction in the amount of completed work orders on the backlog list. Easily achievable, given the time to carry out the task. Relevant because all completed work orders closed, will be added to the Plant Asset Records, providing maintenance history for items of plant. Task to be carried out for the first 2 hours of every working day. Objective 2 – Housekeeping tours to be carried out in Plant areas. Measurable by the reduction of scrap/waste in Plant areas and the completion of the spreadsheet on the computer. Easily achievable, given the time to carry out the task. Relevant because areas of Plant are becoming untidy. Task to be carried out on the first Thursday of every month, to involve the whole of the Maintenance Team. Objective 3 – Plan a package of maintenance work on No4 Distiller. Measurable by the completion of various maintenance tasks . Achievable given time and resources. Relevant because production levels will increase due to the maintenance being carried out. Package of work to be completed by 5pm 17/03/2011. Objective 4 – Arrange training for maintenance team members on overhead crane operation. Measurable by the successful completion of training. Achievable because all team members have the ability to learn. Relevant because the team will be more flexible in the workplace. Training to be completed by 31/07/2011. Andrew Wilson March 2011. Plan the Achievement of SMART Objectives. Tasks can be broken down into more manageable smaller tasks, each with its own deadline. The completion of each â€Å"sub-task† to its set deadline, will inevitably lead to the achievement of the overall objective. Objective No3 on my list is a perfect example of planning requirement. The main objective is to carry out a package of maintenance work on No4 Distiller, which, when completed, will increase production rates, to be completed by 5pm on the 17th March 2011. Below is a workplace planning sheet, clearly outlining all the sub-tasks required to be completed, the times they must be completed by, resources required, results of completion of sub-tasks and constraining factors to be considered, before the main objective is achieved. Workplace Planning Sheet | |Objective/Task |Completion |Resources |Results on |What do I need to do |Constraining | | |Time | |Achievement |first |factors | | | | | | | | |Process to Isolate the |07:30 |Process Operators |Distiller made |Arrange isolation |Process unable to| |Distiller | |ready for |with Process Manager |isolate due to | | | | |maintenance | |faulty equipment | | | | |activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Insert isolation plate into |08:30 |4x Mechanical |Distiller made safe|Ensure scaffold is in|Scaffold Tag out | |Distiller Exit Gas main. | |Technicians |for maintenance |place and tagged |of date | | | | |work |all parts to hand. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Removal of spool to Heat |09:00 |2x Mechanical |Heat Exchanger |Request isolation |Process unable to| |Exchanger for cleaning | |Technicians |available for |with Process |isolate due to | | | | |cleaning | |faulty equipment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Replacement of damaged pipe |11:00 |4x Mechanical |Damaged pipe |Request isolation |Spares not | |to VLS | |Technicians |section replaced |with Process ensure|available | | | | | |all spares available | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Replacement of damaged pipe |14:00 |2x Mechanical |Damaged pipe |Request isolation |Spares not |to VLS drain | |Technicians |section replaced |with Process ensure|available | | | | | |all spares available | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Replacement of spool to heat|15:00 |2x Mechanical |Heat Exchanger |Ensure cleaning is |Cleaning not | |exchanger | |Technicians |available for duty |completed |completed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Removal of isolation plate |16:00 |4x Mechanical |Distiller available|Check all work is |Delay in work | |into Distiller Exit Gas | |Technicians |for handback to |completed and all |completion | |main. | |process |work permits signed | | | | | | |off | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Process to De- Isolate the |17:00 |Process Operators |Distiller back on |Hand back Distiller |Any delay in | |Distiller | | |work production |to Process |prior tasks | | | | |increased | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Andrew Wilson March 2011. Monitor the Objectives. The completion of sub-tasks is monitored throughout the day in order to evaluate the likelihood of achieving the main objective. The easiest way of doing this, is by visually checking the progress of each sub-task and communicating this to the relevant people. Each sub-task requir es a Permit to Work to be issued before work can commence, these Permits must be signed off by the Technician to whom the Permit was issued. Another method of monitoring progress is to check that the Permits that have been issued, have been signed off, this will indicate the time that the task was completed and whether the task was completed successfully. Regular update meetings would be held throughout the day to keep relevant people informed of progress and give insight into whether the main objective will be achieved. E-mails would also be sent out as confirmation of progress. When all outstanding Permits have been signed off as successfully completed, then the Distiller can be officially handed back to Process for de-isolation and then brought on for production. Andrew Wilson March 2011. How to cite M3.04 Achieving Objectives Through Time Management, Essays

Differences In Working Culture Of Australia-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Differences In Working Culture Of Australia? Answer: Introducation: The Globe project mainly helps in developing ideas about how different cultural values are related with different forms of organizational practices, conception do leadership, different forms of economic competiveness of the societies as well as different human conditioned of the members (Mollmann et al. 2015). They help by providing nine important dimensions which are used as parameters in measuring the working styles and cultures of different organizations in different cultures. They also help to point out the different cultural differences that occur in workplace of two nations and help multinational companies to develop strategic plans to manage employees of both the culture effectively (Venaik and Brewer 2013). Developing information on each of the nine parameters will help the leaders of the multinational companies to develop a plan for effectively managing diverse workforce effectively and how new innovations ac help to overcome the negative aspect of each of the nations workpl aces. In the present study, Globe theory is used extensively in comprising the nations of Australia and India so that the cultural differences in the organizations can be studied and thereby acted upon for betterment. The first point that needs to be discussed is the power distance parameter between the two nations of Australia and India. Power distance can be defined as the degree to which the less powerful members of the institution or the organizations within a particular nation expect as well as accept the fact that the power in their organization is distributed unequally (Ponnuswami and Harris 2017). It mainly reflects the fact that the inequality of the society is endorsed by the employees as well as the team members. The working culture of Australia has a very low score in the power distance variable. This is mainly because within the organization of the nation, the hierarchy of power is mainly developed and established in a way where superiors are always accessible. Here the managers are mainly found to develop very good bong with employees overcoming the status of their position and rely on the employees individually and both as a team for their expertise. In such a working atmosphere, it is found that managers and employees consult their working, strategies, intentions and others and share information frequently (Shah and Baker 2017). Moreover, the style of communication is mainly kept informal with a more direct and participative approach. On the other hand, India score very high in the power distance where the working members themselves appreciate hierarchy as well as a top down structure not only in organization but also society. Here the employees are mainly found to be dependent on the boss or other power holders for their directions and are seen to accept unequal rights that may exist between the power position holding people and that with the other employees who are lower in ranking systems in the hierarchy. The accessibility to the people holding higher position is only limited to the immediate power holder but this capability gradually decreases of the people who are higher in the line. They are mainly follower of paternalistic leaders who provides them re wards for maintaining their loyalty towards them (Zealand 2013). Employees themselves expect to be directed clearly form the upper authorities. Control over the employees is accepted and to even on the level of psychological security. The employed develop every formal attitude towards the employees and communication is mainly followed to be top down and directive. It is also seen that the employees never provide negative feedback to any persons that are up the ladder of hierarchy. The second point according to globe theory is uncertainty avoidance. It can be defined as the degree to which the different members of the organization of a particular culture feel threatened due to any unambiguous as well as unknown situations. It also describes the created beliefs and institutions of the members by which they try to avoid the uncertainty. In simple words, it can be stated that this dimension mainly looks over the ways by which a society or the organization deals with the fact that future is unpredictable and whether they should control the future or let the future take its own score (Hallam 2013). Australia scores an intermediate position while handling uncertainty avoidance of 5. This states that the Australian culture is tolerant of the uncertainty. In such a situation, people do not show any aggression as well as emotions in different ambiguous situations. Moreover the laws found in Australia to manage these situations are not very precise. Very few rules which include religious as well as legal are present to keep out of uncertainties. On the other hand India score 40 and thereby shows a medium low preferences for avoiding uncertainty in the organizations. The Indian firms develop an idea that nothing is perfect and therefore things might not go as planned which shows their acceptance of imperfection (Warmer 2014). Researchers have stated that India can be described as the patient country where the tolerance for the acceptance is high. People in this type of working area do not feel driven or compelled to take different actions initiatives and thereby settle in to their own established riles. They are always ready to adjust which may mean either turning a deaf ear to rule being flouted to developing a solution to insurmountable problem. This aspect may either lead them to misery or make them an empowering aspect of the organization. It is traditional proverb where it is said that nothing is impossible India if one knows how to adjust. The next criteria which would be compared between the two nations of Australia and India are the humane orientations. It can be deified as the degree by which organizations involve in encouragement as well as providing rewards to the individuals of the organization (Popli and Rizvi 2015). This would be based on the criteria being fair, altruistic, caring, and being kind and also generous. For Australia, Human orientation score is towards the higher side and has a scale of 6 out of 7.. Here it is seen that organizations in the nation provide importance to the interest of the others and people are motivated primarily by a need for belonging as well as affiliations. Here members are encouraged to promote well being of others in the society and organization. Leaders are seen to implement strategic changes is they face cultural conflicts. They try to spend resources for betterment of the relationship between members, to provide them reacts and feedbacks and many others. They encourage peo ple to talk about the positive sides of their coworkers and admire them (Gribble and McRae 2017). They try to develop the organization as a close knit family influencing a reflect balance of formal and informal atmosphere. In case of India, the same score is found to be medium which is about 4 out of 7. Here, mainly due to the high power distance, bond formation among the employees and the higher authorities are not strong. A more formal environment is found here where individuals are expected to meet their targets and perform their work responsibly (Murray 2015). However, collectives only intervene in case of these employees who fail to meet their targets and have poor performance. They selectively intervene when required unlike Australia who mainly depends of sitting unity within the teams. Collectivism (Institutional) may be defined as the extent to which different organizational and societal practices encourage and also reward collective distribution of resources and also promote collective actions. Collectivism in groups can be defined as the degree to which individuals within the organizations express loyalty, pride and cohesiveness in the workplace as families. In this context, individualism may be defined as the extent to which a persons provides importance to his own value and interest while meeting up the objectives of the organizations where his own interest prevails over the interests of the groups (Matthew, Hicks and Bahr 2013). In the individualism score level, Australia is seen to have a very high score in of 90 in the dimension. This states that Australia has highly individualist culture. Researchers have stated that society in Australia is loosely knit where the people mainly have expectation that they would look upon themselves along with their immediate families. The people in their nation have expectation that every individual should be self reliant as well as display initiatives (Earnest et al. 2015). Here people stand up for themselves and for their immediate families. They need to choose their own affiliations. The ties between people in such society are loose. Here the culture is more based on rewards and bonuses which are linked to the different individual performance as well as they also promote the fact that task are important over personal relationship. On the other hand, India mainly has the intermediate score of 48 which states that they are neither totally collectivist nor totally individualist. On the collectivist background, it is seen that there is a high performance of the Indians for their belonging to a larger social frame work where the individuals are expected to act in accordance to the greater good of one s defined in-groups (Haski-Leventhal et al. 2016). The actions of every individual are influenced by a la rge number of concepts which include opinion of the family, extended family, neighbors, work group and other such wider social networks. The employer employee relationship is based on expectations where loyalty and productivity is expected by the employers form employees and familial protection from employers expected by employee (Almeida and Fernanado 2017). They are integrated in cohesive group right form their birth and protect their groups through their lifetime. Here the interest of the group members acts more importantly over the individualistic interest. The next criteria according to the Globe theory would be the gender egalitarianism. It can be described as the degree to which an organization can reduce or minimize gender equality. Australia has reached far in establishing the gender equality in organization (Saaya et al. 2016). According to the government, women are now accounting for about 46.2 % of the local workforce where a major part is formed of part time workers and then followed by one third portion of full time employees. Moreover, the researchers are of the opinion that women in Australia are over represented in lower lying part time jobs and underrepresented in executive positions. Moreover they also face harassments and discrimination at workplace. However the condition had been developing over the years with stricter rules and policies of organization and great initiatives taken by the government to ensure women job placement (Moorhead et al. 2014). Indi is very poor in consideration of gender equality in workplace. I t has been found that women belonging the age of 30 earned 23.07% less than men while woken living in the age group of 30 to 40 years earn 30.245 of less than women. The old age culture and traditional beliefs of good household comprising of a skilled housewife is the main reason for withdrawal of professional after women are married. Moreover, the society is highly patriarchal where most families do not encourage women empowerment (Rivera 2016). In 2014, total patriarchal of women in labor force was pegged at 24.2% with a decrease of 23% decline in the female labor force over 25 years. Moreover discrimination, assaults and others are also a common scenario of India workforce. Assertiveness, according to the Globe theory can be defined as the extent where the individuals are assertive, confrontational as well as aggressive in their relationship with the different members of the organization. In the Australian workplace, there is high degree of assertiveness as people believe directness to be of better benefit and an effective way of communication (Candler 2014). However people do treat each other politely but within that they never fail to mentioned their point of view of provide positive or negative feedback accordingly. Orders are often placed as requests in soft forms. It is common for the employees to address their boss in the same way s their colleague. Mostly first names are the most common forms of address. Fewer formalities are followed in the workplace and people like to be more assertive which is also respected by leaders. Meetings may start with casual humor which in most cases is dry and anti-authoritarian. Providing both positive as well as ne gative feedback in a polite way makes an individual respectful to the leaders as they think him to be participative in the discussions. On the other hand, India score low in assertiveness in communication procedures. Indians are found to be more submissive in their communication and a greatest reason is the power influence of the hierarchical system in India (Grijalva and Newman 2015). Very few scopes are received by the workers where they and voice out their concern or can suggest something to the higher authority which would b beneficial for the authority. Neither they are approached for suggestion, nor do they provide feedback. Negative feelings when developed by employees against higher authorities are often kept suppressed which results in job stress and lead him to resign but open communication is not preferred (Bell and Anscombe 2013). Moreover, women are found to be the one showing more submissive behaviour than men. Although most of the culture of Indian workforce provides people with less scope for being assertive, but gradually new leaders are on the fields who are trying to include young minds together where employees are given the scope for confronting the ideas of the leaders and employers helping them to establish more successful organization. The next criteria according to the Globe theory is the degree to which individuals engage in different future oriented behaviors for betterment f the organizations like planning and investing for future and others. Long term orientation is a dimension which mainly helps the society to adopt ways by which it can maintain link with its own past while dealing with different challenges both of the present and that of the future normative societies who score less on this criteria mainly like to maintain time honored traditions as well as norms where they develop view towards the changes in society with suspicion (Singh and Gatina 2015). However, those cultures which score high on the criteria mainly believe in encouraging different thrifts as well as efforts in the modern education so that they can be well prepared for the future. Australia, very surprisingly is found to have low scores in this criteria for about only 21. They are mainly found to fall into the categories of normative soci eties where employees remain mainly concerned with establishing the absolute truth. They are mainly normative in their thinking and exhibits great respects for the traditions. They have relatively lower propensity to save the future and do not work with strategies which would help in handling threats in the futures (Geerlings, Thompson and Lunderberg 2014). They mainly focus on the achieving of the quick results rather than deciding and planning for future about how to handle any threats if they arrive. However, India on the other hand has an intermediate score of 51. India mainly believes in the work of karma which mainly dominates through a greater part of religion and philosophical thoughts. India have a great tolerance for religious views and for them Hinduism besides being a religion is also a philosophy. It has provided the weaker with an amalgamation of ideas, views, practices and others they accept the fact that there are many truths which often depends upon the seeker (Kulk arni 2014). Societies which have a high score on pragmatism do not pay importance to lack of punctuality and develop changing game plan with changing reality as well as general comfort for discovering fated path as one foes along unlike playing of exact plan like the Australians. The next criterion according to the Globe theory is called the Performance orientation. In this case, it can be defined as the extent to which a collective encourages as well as provides rewards the group members for improvement in their performance and also for excellence. It is seen that Australia usually experiences a higher score in performance orientation (Kirmayer et al. 2013). This is mainly because the leaders or budding entrepreneurs in this nation of Australia are always encouraged to develop determination among the workers where they themselves will feel like providing more to the organization. They can be either rewarding them financially or by making them more famous or acknowledging their achievements (Wu et al. 2015). The leaders seem to provide more importance in team building rather than on individual productivity as they believe that good teams with motivated individuals will automatically produce higher productivity. Such a culture is not much cared by the Indian w orking culture. They mainly fail to develop innovative strategies for motivation for the workers and therefore most of the employees of the organizations develop boredom (Bhattacharya and Cummings 2014). No means of encouragement exists in the organization as a result of that motivation is not built and this contributes to stress among the people. The next criteria that should be discussed are the indulgence versus restraints. Indulgence can be defined as the extent up to which people try to control the different desires as well as impulses basing upon which they were raised. Relatively strong control is called the restraints and relatively weaker control is called the indulgence. Australia has been seen to have a higher score of 71 in indulgence. It has been noted that people in the societies of the nation exhibits a willingness to realize various types of impulses as well as desires mainly in the matters of enjoying lives and having fun. They are mainly believer of optimism and develop a very positive attitude. However in addition to this, it is also seen that they are placing higher degree of importance on leisure time and thereby spends money as they wish and act as they feel like (Mollmann et al. 2015). On the other hand, India develops a core of 26 in this dimension in the indulgence thereby showing that they are mainly a follower of culture of restraint. Such societies and workplaces are found to be more inclined to a tendency to cynicism and also pessimism. Such restrained societies of India do not provide importance on leisure times and they learn to control the gratification of their desires. People who are followers of restrained societies also develop the perceptions that their actions are restrained by social norms and they feel that indulging themselves is not morally right (Chokkar et al. 2013). From the entire discussion above, one can easily understand that there is indeed a huge difference in the working culture as well as the working system of the two nations of Australia and India. According to the marks provided to each of the criteria of the Hofstede index, scores have been provided which helps in depicting the culture which is followed in both the nations. In case of power distance Australia is seen to develop a low score than India which is a good factor. This is because it shows that the Australians face less distance between the different ranks of people in the workforce and thereby the employers and employee can emerge easily with each other in discussions which bring positive outcomes. However in India the power distance is quite large showing less transparency between employers and employees. Secondly, Australian show higher score in individualism and Indians show lesser score. This is a negative aspect of the former as every workplace need to adapt to collecti vism as everyone should work as a team and provide help to each other which will in turn increase the productivity of the organization. This is because individualist approach which promotes ones own productivity whereas another employee is having poorer production is not ultimately helping the organization as a whole. Australian on the other hand scores well in uncertainty avoidance than Indians stating that they can be more adaptive in risky situations and can cope with their anxiety by minimizing uncertainty. India should try to be work on this dimension to become more proactive in their organization. Again another good aspect which is better in India but not so much good in Australia is the long term future orientations. Indians are more adapted to the mentality of changing the situations it demands and are more flexible to change with the situations for future. Australian tend to work according to fixed traditions which reflect a negative aspect as it may harm their productivity is certain threat appears in the future. Assertiveness and performance orientation are also two other comments of the Globe theory and the score are higher in Australians than Indians. It actually reflects that Australia has strong leaders in the organizations, who teach proper communication skills among the workers that create an environment of open-mindedness and transparency. They influence performance of the employees through motivation and proper feedback skill with correct tones and attitudes that make employees feel respected. India lacks such skilled leaders but with the modern generations, leaders are arriving in the cultures of India who are following a transformational leadership styles which will bring positive results. Both the organizational culture in both the nations is hard on women in gender egalitarianism although condition of Australia is much better than India. Therefore this information would be highly beneficial for a multinational company if they try to esta blish overseas branches as these will help the leaders to develop strategies of management properly. References: Almeida, S. and Fernando, M., 2017. 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Cognitive Approach free essay sample

A main strength of cognitive psychology is that this approach has tended to use a scientific approach through the use of laboratory experiments. A strength of using laboratory experiments is that they are high in control therefore researchers are able to establish cause and effect. For example Loftus and Palmer were able to control the age of the participants, the use of video and the location of the experiment. All participants were asked the same questions (apart from changes in the critical words), and the position of the key question in the second was randomised. Furthermore, such standardised experiments are easy to test for reliability. However, as many cognitive studies are carried out in laboratory settings they can lack ecological validity. When cognitive processes such as memory and theory of mind are studied in artificial situations it may be difficult to generalise the findings to everyday life. A further strength of the cognitive approach is the useful contributions that have arisen from this approach. We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Approach or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, many modern types of therapy are based on the cognitive approach. Understanding cognitive processes allows us to help people to improve their cognitive processes such as memory and language. The Baron-Cohen et al. study enables us to better understand the behaviour of people with autism, Loftus and Palmers. study highlights the limitations of eye-witness testimonies and the ape research may offer strategies to help children with language difficulties to develop language or to use strategies such as the lexigram system. Furthermore the cognitive approach has become the dominant approach in psychology particularly since it has become allied with neurology. The cognitive approach nowadays is often called cognitive science and is able to provide a very sophisticated understanding of how the brain processes information. A weakness of the cognitive approach relates to the validity of measuring cognitive processes. We can only infer what a person is thinking and therefore the cognitive approach relies heavily on self report measures and observation. There are a number of reasons why we have to question the validity of self report measures and observation. For example we can only infer that adults with autism have theory of mind difficulties from the results of the Eyes Task or that pygmy chimps are really using language when they communicate through a Lexigram. However, because of the developments of brain scanning techniques we are able to record the active parts of the brain more accurately nowadays and cognitive science is providing a more and more detailed description of how cognitive processes work. For example, brain scanning techniques are giving great insights about how memory works. It has been argued that a weakness of the cognitive approaches reliance on the computer analogy leads to a reductionist and mechanistic description of experiences and behaviour. Reductionism is the idea that complex phenomena can be explained by simpler things. The cognitive approach often takes this narrow focus and ignores social and emotional factors which may impact on cognition. For example, the autism study investigated just one central cognitive deficit as an explanation for autism. However the reductionist approach does have strengths. An advantage of the reductionist view is that by breaking down a phenomenon to its constituent parts it may be possible to understand the whole. This type of single mindedness has lead to some great discoveries in psychology as it has in the natural sciences.