The Bacchae Essay -- essays research papers

In The Bacchae, Euripedes portrays the character of Pentheus as an ignorant, stubborn, and arrogant ruler. These character flaws accompanied with his foolish decisions set the stage for his tragic downfall. Pentheus' blatant disregard to all warnings and incidents, which prove that Dionysus is truly a god, lead him to his own death. In the end, his mistakes are unforgiving and his punishment is just.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the play, the audience cannot help but feel merciless towards Pentheus. In his opening scene, Pentheus does not heed the warnings bestowed upon him by Teiresias and Cadmus. Before Pentheus even meets Dionysus, Teiresias offers him wise advice: 'So, Pentheus listen to me. Do not mistake the rule of force for true power. Men are not shaped by force. Nor should you boast of wisdom, when everyone but you can see how sick your thoughts are. Instead, welcome this God to Thebes. Exalt him with wine, garland your head and join the Bacchic revels'(19). Cadmus carefully tries to persuade his grandson by adding, 'For even if you are right and this God is not a God, why say it? Why not call him one? You have everything to gain from such a lie'(20). Pentheus shows no respect for the elderly or their wisdom by replying, 'Go! Run to your Bacchic revels. I want none of your senile folly rubbing off on me!'(21). This response alone reveals a great deal about his disposition. He will not let any 'old fools' tell him what to do. However, it is ironic that Pentheus' rejection of the advice of these 'old fools' proves to be his first step towards his fatal end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next scene brings Pentheus and Dionysus face to face. Pentheus starts the conversation thinking he has the upper hand because he has more power over the situation. 'Untie his hands. Now I have him in my net, no amount of agile tricks can help him slip away' (25). However, it is clear to the audience that Dionysus is in control. He is provoking Pentheus by responding with quick, saucy remarks. 'Those who look for filth, can find at the height of noon' (28). Pentheus becomes frustrated. He needs to feel in control so he begins to hurl threats at Dionysus, 'I'll throw you in my dungeon.' Throughout this scene, Dionysus drops numerous hints that he is indeed the son of Zeus, 'He (Dionysus) is here now. He sees what is being done to me' (29). He for... ...gh. He has given Pentheus numerous warnings and opportunities to obey and worship him. Pentheus, due to his exceeding incompetence, has overlooked all of them. Because of his refusal to conform, he deserves punishment and it is a fate the audience has come to welcome. Dionysus now takes control over Pentheus and his all his actions. He humiliates Pentheus by dressing him in women's dress and parading him throughout Thebes. Dionysus then leads him up to Mount Cithaeron where he is caught spying on the Bacchae by his crazed mother, Agave. She proceeds to tear him to shreds with her bare hands. This is the end for Pentheus, and ultimately, due to his constant ignorance, a just death. Although the punishment may seem rather harsh, the audience is appeased by Pentheus' death. Pentheus is incapable of making any sensible decisions. His arrogance and controlling nature is apparent in every action and choice he makes. Pentheus rejects so many hints and opportunities to realize Dionysus' real identity. In his refusal to pick up the signals, he accepts his fate: death by the hands of his own mother. It is almost as if his death, through his refusal to act sensibly, is a form of suicide.

Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda

Nowadays, every part has been stimulated and affected by various acts of violence and terrorism around the globe. A number of revolutionary movements are being advanced at a very faster rate. In the result, thousands of innocent people have died, and millions of people have lost their homes. During this mode of international intimidation, we will try to comprehend and discuss one of the major terrorist groups around the world, which has affected millions of people and provided suffering to them.We will try to relate the ideologies and intentions related to one of the specific terrorist groups that has been the cause of various anti-terrorist campaigns, activities, as well as, wars by different and various countries, NGOs, organizations, and thousands of individuals around the world. We will also try to examine their every day activities, their related bodies, as well as, their utilization of the term of ‘jihad’ in their violent processes and other operations of the group .In this regard, we will also try to relate and link some of the major events of violence and terrorism that have occurred in different parts of the world, such as, 9/11 attack, London bombing, etc. Therefore, we will examine if there is anything happening for the elimination and reduction of the deterioration that has been caused by the group around the world. In this way, we will also go through a list of challenges that have to overcome by the different countries and international peace organizations in a mutual and sustainable manner, as all these factors are interrelated with each other in the processes of international peace.History & Leadership An armed Sunni Islamist organization and group having the objective and intention to eliminate and eradicate foreign influences from the Muslim countries is Al-Qaeda, which has become one of the significant areas of focus in every country and state. One of the basic objectives of this group is the eradication of the ones, whom they dee m and consider being infidels according to their theologies.One of the main purposes of this militant organization is the reestablishment of a state governed by a Caliph (Islamic leader), which is the title given to an Islamic leader controlling the political leadership, as well as, religious leadership in the religion of Islam. In this regard, struggle for the above-mentioned reestablishment of a caliph-governed-state was performed by the adherents of Wahhabism; that is, an orthodox conventional Islamic movement, which was named after its founder, Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab, and Salafism; another orthodox Islamic fundamentalist movement.They are the prominent pioneers and militants of this armed group. These two movements of their Islam are very dominant in Saudi Arabia, Western Iraq, and Qatar. These countries played a vital role in the encouragement of the revolutionary activities of this militant group. In the year 1980, a Muslim organization was founded, namely ‘Maktab al -Khadamat’ (Place for Service) that resulted in the evolution of Al-Qaeda according to some of the experts and analysts in this field, which vary in number and cannot be specified in a paper.War against the Soviets, particularly, in Afghanistan, channelizing of funds, and recruitment of personnel who were trained by the Al-Qaeda were some of the main objectives of establishment of this organization. A Palestinian Islamic scholar, A. Azaan has been considered as the founder of this organization. He is considered as one of the influential leaders that remained the reason of Al-Qaeda activities for a long period. In this regard, paramilitary training camps were established and organized by this group, and Bin Laden was convinced and influenced by the Palestinian founder.In the result, funds were raised from the petro-billionaires of the Gulf, as well as, some of the royal families for this organization. However, some of the experts have analyzed that a major role has not been pl ayed by the MAK in the advancement of Al-Qaeda as a powerful opponent of the Western countries. The group is generally recognized by its leader, Osama bin Laden, whereas, Ayman al-Zawahiri has also influenced the practice, as well as, theory of this organization.A common cause is linking many collaborative and independent working cells, which may exist in more than one country, resulting in its operations to be not centralized from one place. The September 11 attacks on New York’s World Trade Center, as well as, on the Pentagon were the result of planning and execution of the abovementioned group that has committed multiple terrorism acts in the name of a term ‘jihad’ in the religion of Islam.In response, a number of series of legal, as well as, military operations were launched against the militant group, Al-Qaeda by the United States, which was supported by many other developed and developing countries, such as, Jordan, England, Egypt, Canada, Pakistan, etc. Th e United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, NATO, and the United Nations, have officially designated this group as harmful and terrorist organization due to its continuous radical acts in different parts of the world.Thus, in this section, we have tried to discuss the leadership and initial years of the Al-Qaeda briefly. Case Studies In late October 2001, al Jazeera, a Middle-east television network’s journalist, Tayseer Alouni, videotaped the Osama bin Laden’s interview, while he was explaining the origin of his group. In his interview, Osama said, ‘The name ‘al Qaeda' was established a long time ago by mere chance. The late Abu Ebeida El-Banashiri established the training camps for our mujahedeen (trained force) against Soviet’s terrorism.We used to call the training camp al Qaeda [meaning â€Å"the base† in English] and the name stayed. In this interview of the year 2001, he used the word mujahedeen, which is used to describe the Muslims, who are ready to sacrifice their lives in any war or a meaning of struggle, often taken in the words, Jihad. In true Islamic context, it is an Islamic term that was derived from an Arabic root, which means to struggle or to strive. In the light of abovementioned reference, in religious terms, an inner effort and struggle for the mobilization of energies, in order to make one, a pious Muslim spiritually is called Jihad.Secondly, it is an attempt to serve the Islamic community and ummah through the mentioned capabilities. In extreme circumstances, it is regarded in military terms through the conquest of enemy’s territory or power. After knowing the true definition of Jihad in its Islamic terminology, a nonprofessional person can articulate that the ideology of Islam, which is being presented by these militant groups are fake and ridiculous. Islam is a religion of peace, which requires a Muslim to submit his will to the Almighty Allah, one God.Whereas, n o Islamic context or Allah’s words have ordered to kill innocent people and frighten them with the bombings and suicide attacks. Historically, if we investigate and analyze the origin of Al-Qaeda, we come to know that it was originally established, where training was given to thousands of mujahedeen, and they were recruited in Soviet by the militant organization. In the month of January 2001, the U. S. Department of Justice used the term Al-Qaeda for the first time, when four men were accused in the case of United States embassy bombings in East Africa.Again, if we examine the concept of Al-Qaeda for these militant acts, we can take the example of another part of the previously mentioned interview of October 2001. During the interview, the Al-Qaeda leader was asked regarding his sources that were supporting his activities financially. In reply, Osama bin Laden said, ‘This battle is not between al Qaeda and the U. S. This is a battle of Muslims against the global crusade rs. In the past, when al Qaeda fought with the mujahedeen, we were told, â€Å"Wow, can you defeat the Soviet Union?† The Soviet Union scared the whole world then. NATO used to tremble of fear of the Soviet Union. Where is that power now? We barely remember it. It broke down into many small states and Russia remained. God, who provided us with his support and kept us steadfast until the Soviet Union was defeated, is able to provide us once more with his support to defeat America on the same land and with the same people. We believe that the defeat of America is possible, with the help of God, and is even easier for us, God permitting, than the defeat of the Soviet Union was before. ’According to this statement of the leader of Al-Qaeda group, this war is not with the United States, which is often assumed by the media, but with the global crusaders. Even if we accept this statement of the militant chief, do innocent people of New York or the students of the United Kingd om are regarded as crusaders in their opinions, which were killed in the 9/11 attacks at the World Trade Centre and London train bombings respectively. This would have really made anybody feel ridiculous of the statement, or of the terrorist dealings that are happening nowadays in the world.To take things more theoretically, we should try to gather around more facts. According to Diaa Rashwan, a senior researcher at the Al-Ahram Centre for Political and Strategic Studies, in mid 1990s, a merger between the Bin Laden groups and the Zawahiri’s Al-Jihad groups was the result of a new name of this group, Qa’edat al-Jihad that means a base provided for the Jihad (the struggle). In the context of this section, we can have an understanding of the concept and theology of the Al-Qaeda leaders.Once again, the word Jihad was taken as the primary objective and purpose of this militant group, which was totally against the teachings of Islam. The young Muslims were brought into Afgh anistan for the training purpose, brainwashed by these militants, and were turned into new Afghani Mujahedeens. In the month of August 1988, according to a document of the Defense Department of the United States, the organization was defined as the establishment of an organization for the recruitment of young Muslims, and turning them into Afghani Mujahedeen, as mentioned previously in our discussion.It was also stated in this document that the one of the main objectives of this group was instituting the Islamist states throughout the world, while overthrowing the un-Islamic regimes, which were taken as enemies of the God. The expulsion of soldiers of the United States from the Gulf was their one of the targets, and in the end, it was their mission to capture the city of Jerusalem as a sacred city of Muslims. If we look into the past, wars have been fought in the name of religion. However, no religion and even in the history of Islamic wars, we have never seen a war, in which innoce nt people, women, children were killed.From the historical facts and the teachings of Islam, given by the Allah, a last option was given to the Muslims to fight in the name of their religion, if and only if, there was no other option remained in their hands. (Ajaja, pp. 67-69, 2006) This means that the Al-Qaeda leaders portray their activities as reflection of Islamic teachings, which is quite a wrong thing according to the history and teachings of Islam. We can decide through these statements and discussions that it is a wrong thing to call this militant group as an Islamic militant group. Political and social reasons can and may be behind the establishment of this group.Personal benefits and leisure have been the cause and motive of this organization. However, it would be very ludicrous to relate it with the Islam. In this regard, Al-Qaeda is a militant group with extremists misguided by some of the leaders who are Muslims for their own leisure, luxury, and fame. The statements an d writings of these groups may give a perception of a religion that gives the teaching of spreading blood and hatred in the world. However, their statements are very philosophical and illiterate in nature, if properly investigated and studied, as already being done by a number of experts and professionals around the world.In the year 1998, the Al-Qaeda leader was interviewed once again and the tape was shown to people of the whole world. If we analyze his statements during that interview, Allah was praised by him for the help, by which, America’s greatest buildings were destroyed. He was seen thanking God for His blessings on them, and causing humiliation that was tasted by Muslims since more than eighty years. According to Bin Laden, Muslims’ children were being killed in Muslim countries, Israeli tanks were infesting Palestine, and the blood, honor, and sanctuaries of Islam were being abused by the infidels.Even then, nobody was seen moving a single limb against thes e infidels according to Bin Laden. In one of his statements, he said, ‘These events have divided the whole world into two sides. The side of believers and the side of infidels, may God keep you away from them. Every Muslim has to rush to make his religion victorious. The winds of faith have come. The winds of change have come to eradicate oppression from the island of Muhammad, peace be upon Him. ’ If we look into this statement, according to him, his world was at the peak of division of the believers and the infidels.Secondly, he had asked every Muslim to wake up and rush out for the victory of his religion. Even if we accept, the injustices caused to the Muslims, and the injuries borne by them, no Islamic teachings guided to response in this manner, even with the enemies. If we go back into the history, Prophet Muhammad, the last Prophet of the Allah, and who spread Islam in the Arabia, he had also fought many wars during his life. We can see the examples of forgivene ss that He used to perform with the enemies, and even used to forgive those persons, who had abused him on the face, or even stoned His body.From the abovementioned examples, it can be analyzed that the militant and terrorist acts of this Al-Qaeda group was not more than acts of political wars. The statements of Al-Qaeda group may be primary religious, but in some parts. More fractions were used to humiliate the enemy and disgrace the religion of Islam, and that is the reason, which made even the Islamic countries to support the War of Terrorism, such as, Islamic Republic of Pakistan that has supported the abovementioned war for the eradication of Al-Qaeda forces in different regions of the world.Injustices were also done during this war of terrorism, and even innocent people became victims during this period. However, no difference remains, if a person slaps someone, who has just slapped him. Every religion that came in this world, taught and guided to speak the truth, help the peo ple, and serve the humanity. Therefore, if a group of extremists that arm themselves, kill innocent people and children of the so-called enemies, and call them the true believers, they are truly wrong.In this regard, all the evidences show that the members of this militant group are just misguided and brainwashed in order to fulfill the personal wishes of the leaders. Only radical and illiterate ideology of a religion is represented by these groups, and once again, one may not deem them as the representatives of Islam, which has often being done by most of the media and political authorities around the world. It has been analyzed that media has played a crucial role in the advancement of extremism of these terrorist groups around the world, which should be stopped by the concerned authorities, in order to acquire peace in the globe.In order to understand their philosophy in more detail, we should examine their other statements too. A ‘fatwa’ (binding religious proclamat ion) was issued and co-signed by Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Sumedh Gawai, and three of the other Islamist leaders on February 23, 1998. This edict was made under the banner of the World Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders. Once again, it was very wrong step by them to use the word Islamic, as it only disgraced this religion, rather than giving it honor.In this declaration, it was announced that â€Å"the ruling to kill the Americans and their allies, civilians and military is an individual duty of every Muslim, who can do it in any country in which, it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem) and the Holy mosque (in Makka) from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim.This is in accordance with the words of Almighty Allah, and fight the pagans all together as they fight you all together,' and fight them until there is no more tumult or o ppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah. ’ In the light of the abovementioned pronouncement, it was compulsory for every Muslim to come out of his/her home and start fighting with any Jew that comes in front of him. Is not that a preposterous proclamation, or should it be taken as a dangerous edict?The most interesting thing, which takes attention of any person, is that traditional Islamic scholarly qualifications were possessed by neither Osama bin Laden or al-Zawahiri. However, the contemporary ‘ulema’ (true providers of Islamic teachings) were rejected by these radical extremists, and this responsibility was taken upon them by themselves. The September 11, 2001 attacks at New York’s World Trade Center and the Pentagon were the deadliest and the extreme cases in the American, as well as, World history.Almost 3000 people were killed, which included Christians, Jews, and interestingly, even Muslims. This act was an elevated operation of ter rorism, and it changed the lives of thousand of Americans, as well as, millions of people around the globe. In the month of October 2004, a videotape was released by Al-Jazeera, in which, Osama bin Laden claimed his responsibility of these attacks, and he stated his inspiration to be the 1982 Israeli attacks at the high-rises in the Lebanon. Once more, he performed this act of repetition that was done wrongly in the past in a reciprocal manner.Even if Israel had done a devilish act, Islam had taught to forgive and pray for the blessings, even for the enemies. However, what happened was totally different and diverse from the Islamic teachings. In this way, the Al-Qaeda once again performed an anti-Islamic act in front of the globe. In this videotape, Osama bin Laden said, ‘As I looked at those demolished towers in Lebanon, it entered my mind that we should punish the oppressors in kind and that we should destroy towers in America, in order that they taste some of what we tasted and so that they be deterred from killing our women and children.’ It seems from these terrorism acts and their statements that this would not stop in the near future, and a war may not be the solution of this issue. Their philosophy, ideology, and psychology are related to their hearts, and that tends them to react in this state of terrorism. One more example of their statements is the incident of July 13, 2006. In the Srinagar region of Kashmir, a man claimed to be the representative of Al-Qaeda, and announced the Muslims of Kashmir and the people worldwide, of their arrival in this region.Kashmiri Muslims have been struggling since 1947, but declaration of Al-Qaeda from this event showed the chances of more extremism in this region. The spokesperson also attributed the recent blasts to his group, calling them a consequence of Indian oppression, which was suppressed by the Muslim minorities. These series of different statements showed the image of Muslims and particularly, Islam as a religion of war, rather than the peace.These acts can only be the motives of political benefits and advantages, as no Islamic teachings teach the Muslims to do the struggle in this manner, even against their enemies. Therefore, once again, it would be better to declare that these statements and writings can only be a reflection of motives behind personal promotion, rather than the religious beliefs and teachings. However, it is still confusing to decide the final resolution, as the Al-Qaeda’s nature and extent of its working and operations throughout the world, remains an area of dispute.It has been observed that Quranic teachings are used for the justification of their activities. However, this group has not ever accepted the Quranic teaching that has encouraged forgiving rather than a war. As earlier mentioned in the paper, it has been observed that a number of anti-terrorist forces have been created, peace organizations have struggled to approach a resolution; but nothing has provided any nonviolent and peaceful solution, which has been a serious concern for a number of nations and millions of people around the globe.In this respect, the War on Terrorism has been one of the major counter responses that have been planned and implemented in various parts of the country, in order to eliminate and eradicate the Al-Qaeda group from the map of this planet. However, high-tech equipments, facilities and resources of super powers, such as, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, etc. have not been enough to eliminate such groups, particularly, the Al-Qaeda that has been the basic inspiration and support for the minor groups.Following the attacks of World Trade Centre, military, legal, as well as, individual actions were performed by various countries, which were deemed as the War on Terrorism. For instance, Pakistan played a crucial role in the War on Terrorism, as its forces put many Al-Qaeda members behind the bars near the Pak-Afghan bor der. Before the commencement of the abovementioned war, a chance of surrender was given to some of the top leaders of the Al-Qaeda by the United States government that was rejected by them.However, a neutral country was considered by the extremist leaders for the trial of Osama bin Laden, if evidences of involvement of the leader would be provided by the U. S. government. In response, the United States government rejected the proposal and deemed it as irrelevant. In the result, Afghanistan was invaded by the Western allies, and Taliban government was removed during this war. Obliteration of training camps and infrastructure of the Al-Qaeda was done by the Western armies with the support of air forces of various countries.In the result, it has been analyzed that most of the Al-Qaeda was deteriorated and its members spread in different parts of the country in minor groups. Many of the militants were arrested, and mostly, killed during the aerial bombardment by the Western air forces. Initially, success was celebrated in this war; however, still, some of the top leaders including Osama bin Laden has not been caught by the Western forces. Moreover, it has been analyzed and noted by some of the experts that increment of 607 percent has been observed in the attacks by the militant groups, particularly, in the Iraq.The United States, as well as, Americans in other parts of the world has been noted as in great danger by most of the diplomats around the world. In addition, the War on Terrorism has not been won by the United States and its allies, as noted and believed by approximately eighty-five percent of the experts in the field of foreign policy. Thus, the Al-Qaeda has not been eliminated yet, and attacks are being observed every other day in different parts of the world, predominantly, the places with Western allies and Americans around the world.It cannot be said that the Al-Qaeda has been eliminated, nor the United States have lost the war. The case study of the Al-Qaeda is still a mystery for some, and conflict for others. Conclusion From the understanding of the mentioned statements, it can be articulated that these acts and thoughts are the result of hatred against the United States, Israel, and other Western countries, rather than an effort of struggling as per the teachings of Islam.According to their Islamic ideology, these abovementioned countries are taken as the infidels and enemies of the Islam. They take it as these countries are trying to abuse the social, economic, cultural, and traditional values of their religion. Many of the Saudi, Sufi, and Shia scholars, who were results of the previously mentioned Wahhabism, wrote about the United States as the country of corruption, despotism, evil, and aggression. It was considered as a state of spreading abomination and corruption in the world.The resources being used on wines, cigarettes, and sex channels were the causes of their hatred against these Western countries. In order to do minate their desire of revenge against these states, they portrayed themselves as the true representatives, scholars, and believers of the religion of Islam. Young Muslims were brainwashed and persuaded to sacrifice their lives for the motive of Islam. However, the main objective was to humiliate the enemy, rather than to honor the religion.The different proclamations of these extremists, such as, the future conquest of Rome and all of the European continent, the state of confrontation with the West, civilians in the infidel states deserve to die, democracy as the religion of the infidels, and considering the West as God’s enemy, are some of the many and various statements given by these extremists, which only portray their personal motives behind these acts, and not the Islamic ideology in any sense.Many experts, writers, investigators, and analysts have tried their best to analyze the Al-Qaeda’s position, in light of their statements and writings, but it is still a t opic of argument due to its anonymity. However, we have tried our best to examine and scrutinize the testimonials of this militant group, in order to decide their role as an Islamic group representing their religious teachings and belief, or an extremist side of coin that is trying to cope up its problems radically.Conclusively, according to the investigations done by different experts, and facts available for the analysis, Al-Qaeda network do not exhibit or seems to be trying to portray an original picture and ideology, which was given by the Holy Quran or the Messenger of Allah, to the Muslims of the world.Thus, this paper has studied and discussed initial days of the Al-Qaeda group, the causes that resulted in the extremism of their ideology, and authorities and individuals that have influenced the advancement and development of the Al-Qaeda, which has resulted in deterioration of millions of lives and valuable resources in different parts of the world.We analyzed during the pape r that one of the main purposes of this militant organization is the reestablishment of the caliphate that is the title given to an Islamic leader controlling the political leadership, as well as, religious leadership in the religion of Islam. It is hoped that this paper will help students, teachers, professionals, and experts in the better understanding of the role of Al-Qaeda in the terrorism that has worsened and weakened the peace in the globe. References Brad K. Berner. 2005. The World According to Al-Qaeda.Booksurge Llc. Daurius Figueira. 2004. The Al Qaeda Discourse of the Greater Kufr. IUniverse. Dele Ajaja. 2006. The Return of Al-Qaeda: When a Dreaded Terrorist Reaches the Turning Point. IUniverse. Jason Burke. 2004. Al-Qaeda: a True Story of Radical Islam. I. B. Tauris. Olivier Roy. 2004. Globalised Islam: the search for a new Ummah. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. Paul J. Murphy. 2004. The Wolves of Islam: Russia and the Faces of Chechen Terror. Brassey's. Robert O. Marlin. 20 05. What Does Al Qaeda Want? : Unedited Communiques. North Atlantic Books.

Define the Role of the Nurse – 500 Words

This assignment will define the role of the nurse in healthcare and outline the different qualities required for this profession. Berridge and Liddle (2010) demonstrate that the definition of nursing according to the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is â€Å"the use of clinical judgement in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to cope with health problems and to achieve the best possible quality of life,whatever their disease or disability, until death. †A nurse is an individual who understands and respects their patients as individuals and does not judge them regardless of differences in morals or beliefs. It is essential that the ill and vulnerable feel that a nurse is competent, will listen, support and guide them and keep sensitive, personal information confidential. Nurses have a duty to provide dignified care to patients whilst maintaining their professional behaviour at all times. Recently stories have dominated headlines when th ere is evidence of poor care.BBC News (2012) Campaign to show ‘skill and compassion' of nurses aims to show the reality of nursing on a daily basis, assisted with a short film. The intention of this film is to reassure the public of the professionalism, dedication and quality of care nurses provide to their patients, regardless of negative coverage occasionally portrayed by the media. A nurse needs to show empathy to patients by providing comfort, security and efficient delivery of treatment throughout recovery which can be an emotional and sometimes a traumatic experience for both parties.It is also vital for nurses to adopt excellent communication skills, especially speaking and listening. As Davies (2012,p. 69) explains, communication skills are essential for understanding patients and putting them at ease. By using reflective skills, showing interest and asking appropriate questions, the relationship between the nurse and the patient should ultimately strengthen through tr ust and reassurance. Nurses frequently face difficult decisions which require a motivational, supportive person to act as a leader to their colleagues. One of the most important qualities of nursing is being an effective team player.This means working together within the multidisciplinary team, constructively sharing ideas and evaluating and delivering the highest quality of care for patients. Nursing is a continuous lifelong learning profession which requires individuals to learn new clinical skills and to continue educating themselves throughout their career. Nurses should have an appropriate amount of knowledge regarding illnesses and medical conditions. This knowledge will enable the nurse to competently answer questions or concerns from patients and their families.Emory University ‘A touching experience' quotes from Maya Angelou on how nurses should be perceived: â€Å"As a nurse, we have the opportunity to heal the heart, mind, soul, and body of our patients, their fami lies and ourselves. They may forget your name, but they will never forget how you made them feel. † In past decades, conditions, policies and uniforms may have changed, however, the compassion, dedication and quality of care shown by many people as â€Å"angels without wings† continues to make a difference, however small it may be to peoples lives.References Anna,P. 2012 A touching experience. Atlanta, Georgia: Emory University. Available from: http://www. emorynursingnow. com/a-touching-experience/ (Accessed 11 October 2012). Davies,N. ,2012 Attention, courtesy and patience: how to talk to patients effectively. Nursing Standard, 27(4),p69. Berridge,P. And Liddle,C,2010. Fundamentals of Nursing made incredibly easy. Euradius, Netherlands: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Dreaper,J Campaign to show â€Å"skills and compassion† of nurses. BBC News, 17 September 2012. Available from: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/health/19602792 (Accessed 10 October 2012).

How Childrens Act 1989 Protects Children Essay

In this essay going to explain how children act 1989 protects children and what circumstances are they used? I’m going to outline the section 17 and 47 of children act and what they are and how they would be used to protect children and in what circumstances are the act used. I will be outlining how they could benefit the child. When would the family support be used the most and in what circumstances it should be used. Children Act 1989 was a framework provided for the care and protection of children and young people. This was the first legislation that recognised the needs of children who were vital. All the child care law related to children that are being accommodated by the local authority comes under Children Act 1989. This act also summarizes the duties, rights powers and responsibility of a parent in respect of their child. Section 17 of Children act 1989, the local authority responsibility is to safeguard and promote the welfare of children within the needs they need for. The local authority has to promote the upbringing of needing children by their families. This is done by providing a range level of services for the child’s needs. The services provided by the authority in the exercise of functions conferred and then by this section may be provided for the family of a particular child in needs or for any member of the family . This is provided with a view to safeguarding or promoting the child’s welfare. The section 17 of children act is used when a child is not likely to maintain or have the opportunity of a standard health or development without the help from the service or local authority. The section also uses the definition to a â€Å"child in need†. â€Å"His health and development is likely to be significantly impaired, or further impaired, without the provision for him of such survives or if they are disables†. In this section the word disable is when a child is blind, deaf or dumb or suffers any mental disorders of any kind. The section 17 is a lead provision in the part III of the children act. It shall be the general duty of every local authority to safeguard and promote the welfare of children within their area who are in need and so far as is consistent with that duty to promote the upbringing of such children by their families, by providing a range and level of services appropriate to the children in need†. This is stating that the interest of children is best if they stay with their families. However the section 17 states that the duty would be discharged by an appropriate range of services. In cases arising between 2001 and 2003 the uperior courts were to give a long thought to the section 17. The cases where about mothers and young children’s. These were either homeless or living unsatisfactory accommodation . They got assistance from the social services department by them getting them an accommodation for the whole family. However the social services department kept in mend the children’s needs but they limited financial resources, so therefore they declined the mother’s request. However section 17 is concerned with the general principles and it is not for the total rights on individuals. The analysis of section 17 was that none of the families concerned was in position to the local authorities to finance the improved accommodation that the children need. However the section in court showed that accommodation was not directed by section 17. However the government made an amendment to section 17 by using the adaption and children bill as a vehicle. Then it made it clear that accommodation could be provided under the section 17. Also it not only to the child it directly provided to the family. The section 17 contains 11 set of provisions. These made the overall objective established by section 17 of Children Act 1989. The maintaining a registry for disabled children within the area is essential. In section 17 this is designed to facilitate the service and keep a tract for monitoring. This sections voluntary on parents and children and it is not use to precondition of service provision. According to this section when assessing individual’s authorities need to see the strengths and the skills of families and from that try to overcome difficulties. Sometimes needs may be found essential to the child. However it could be parenting skills that then could be harmful for the child’s wellbeing. For example, A sick parent may need practical and emotional support depending on the illness and the developing needs of the child. Therefore in these cases the social workers should provide package of support services at the home. However if parents are disabled then the child may not be identified as need but that could be a factor. However under the section 17 of the act the child is able to be looked after their parent at home. However in other circumstances such as social problems, relationship problem in the family, then a support of respite care may be withstand the child’s longer term wellbeing with in the family. The section 17 also sees the possibility of family support service being offered to family of the children in need where they also provide a view of safeguarding and promoting the child’s welfare. The package of services could include home help, day care provision for family member other than the child in need, temporary placement so that the carer could get rest . These are put in place to evaluate to see whether it has met the needs of safeguarding of the child’s welfare. Section 47 of Children act is when local authority takes emergency protection order, if they are informed that a child who lives or is found in the area that are suffering or is likely to suffer significant harm. The section 47 is put in place for children who are living with families and the act enforces specific duty on the local authority to make enquiries to if they should decide if any action should take place to safeguard or promote the child’s welfare. The section 47 should be put in place when a local authority sees a child in that area is likely to suffer harm and they are taken to another area of another authority. This is so that the other authorities has the information of the child so anything occurs then they will be informed or have the details from beforehand. â€Å"When information is transmitted, the receiving authority may feel that section 47 should be put into effect† Section 47 must be undertaken within the maximum of 15 working days. This section 47 enquiry is taken with a core assessment by the children social care services. This has to be done within the 35 working days of the strategy discussion. The section 47 enquiry will result if one of the outcomes is made such as child protection concerns are proven and the child is considered to be at risk of Significant Harm. Also if the child protection concerns are verified but the child is not been continued risk of harm. If the child concerns are not proven but from the enquires it has showed that the child is in need for which services are required. If the concerns are not proved and enquiries have revealed no Children In Need services are required. Therefore a decision to start a Section 47 Enquiry may be taken at any time, whenever the criteria are met. The decision to stop child protection enquiries should be taken in consultation with the Police Child Abuse Investigation Unit. The decision should only be reached after all other agency checks have been completed, and taken into account when it is clear that the criteria for Section 47 Enquiry are not fulfilled. The section 47 enquiry should begin by focusing on the Information identified during the assessment, which is most important in relation likelihood of Harm. The core assessment which covers all parts of the assessment framework includes the history of the child, family and household members, including any previous specialist assessments. Then the children social care has the duty within the 24 hours whether an Initial Assessment is required and then, within 7 working days, whether a Core Assessment is required. From here the section 47 begins and the police should be notified as soon as possible. The section 47 should also be taken in account when factors such as domestic violence, parental mental illness, excessive drinking, or drug use by the parent. This could then be harm to the child and they should be investigated as soon as possible as they may be facing harm to them. However from the investigation the police and Children’s Social Care Services may agree that further child protection action by either agency is not necessary as there is lacking evidence of risk of Significant Harm to the child. However this decision is only acceptable providing it is agreed by the Children’s Social Care Manager and the Detective Sergeant, Police Child Abuse Investigation Unit and the reasons recorded. The enquires shall, particular be directed towards establishing whether the authority should make any application to the court†. If the authorities don’t apply for any emergency protection order, the then case could be reviewed at a later date if it is appropriate according to section 47. The section 47 is taken in mend if information about a concern of a child is made from a range of sources. These could include schools, health visitors, the hospital, the police, neighbors, family, general public or from the child themselves. This information is normally received anonymously. Under this act the social workers have to make the enquiries when they receive information which is a concern of a child’s safety. Therefore a social worker will make a visit with the company of a police officer from the police family support unit. The social worker will then gather information from the child or children. They will also talk to parents and careers and other people involve in the child’s life. This then show if the child been or is likely to be harmed. If the child is suffered an injury it is possible that a medical examination is the best to establish the cause. However if the child has been caused any harm then the child protection conference is called. This meeting will then agree with what needs to be put in place for the child not being harmed in the future. Then care proceeding are taken in mend. If section 17 is used then the arrangements of day care for the child or with other family members. However if section 47 is used then the child will be taken away from the home. The social workers will consider a wide range of responses to protect children. They will try to offer help and support so that the family is together. However this always is not possible. In many cases the action offered could be voluntary support service under the children in need section 17. Therefore section 47 has close link with part III of the act. Therefore working with family under part III will not prove impossible investigation. A section 47 investigation is blocked when a child’s carer refuses to allow agency to see the child. This form of parental non-cooperation will be discussed and will proceed the Children Act. Also first enquires are made then the obtain access to the child is made to ensure that access to the child is obtained. The parents will know that the child will be visited by the authority. If the carer is an obstruct then section 47 comes in place where local authority officers are refused access to the child. Therefore authority could apply for an care order or supervision order. The partnership with parent’s and the family members has been highlighted message. This is which also mentioned in section 17 of Children act. The relationship between section 47 and children in need provision are that they receive considerable attention. The investigation under the section 47 which is a decision related by the local authority to arrange support service for the child and their families. Therefore section 17 is also involved as the family members are kept in mind. Also if a child is provided support under section 17 but also may need focus under the section 47 investigation. This could occur when a child is living with their family and when they are provided an accommodation by the local authority. However the misuse of section 47 was being used by the social services, as a family who needs funding’s and provision support services to it not that the child is in any significant harm. Therefore local authorities that attach a section 47 to a case where there was no harm, this then is illegal. However in the Victoria Climbie case the section 27 was misused in the Laming report. This was when staff where unable to reduce the number of section 47 enquiries. Therefore the pressure produced unfortunate results. â€Å"I also heard evidence that the downgrading of cases to the status of section 17 and afterwards closure was becoming an attractive option to child care terms struggling to deal with what they perceived to be an ever increasing number of child protection referrals, case conferences and registration. In response to social services down grading referrals under section 17, partner agencies either tended not to make referrals or to re frame concerns about children in a way which would attract section 47 responses. They saw the latter was the only way to access services for children they were worried about. â€Å"Page 157 This is trying show the subversion of the children act and was planned in the 1989. Also that laming who has recommended the guidance of the use of the section 47 and 17. This recommendation has been accepted by the government. In conclusion the children act 1989 overall is a legislation that makes sure that no child is homeless and takes in account the importance of the childhood. This act also allows the right the child to have their own rights heard and listened to so they could tell their feelings and they will know there someone to listen to them. It also shows that if the child is in any problem at home then they would be taken away from that environment. This legislation also contributes to the parent’s responsibilities as well as children’s.

Méliès’s Trip to the Moon Essay

The film opens with a gathering of academics in a lecture hall. They have robes, beards and pointed hats. They are standing at first in ranks in the room, five more men join them and are given telescopes by female servants. The leader enters and assumes a position at a blackboard on the left where he draws an image of the Earth and the Moon and a bullet-shaped craft landing on the Moon. They all being discussing or arguing about the project. The technique used for acting is based on what one might see acted out in the theater with no modern cinematography such as close-ups or zooms are used to focus the attention on a particular character. All the characters appear onstage and if there is any focus on a certain action is done through theatrical technique such as the females marching out and handing out telescopes and leaving. When the main character, seeming like a professor comes in the group sort of comes to attention and stand still at first while the professor speaks and draws on the board. One’s attention’s shifts to the group again as they discuss and argue with over-large gesticulations in this silent film without written inter-titles. It is a silent stage drama recorded on film, else it would be mime theatre. The film’s scene changes almost like a shift of scene in the theatre. There is a very fake-looking space capsule that is being worked on and some of the astronauts try out the interior. There is a moment when someone falls into a shallow barrel. Possibly, this was meant to be a comic touch which would be at home later in vaudeville. There is no camera movement. It is as if one had a good seat at the theatre and watching a series of tableaux vivantes. The film owes much more to the stage and picture books than to any already-developed film technique. The subsequent boarding of the space-bullet on the left with the cannon on the right looks especially fake and hand-drawn. There is little aim at a believable set and much over-acting: doffing their hats and so on to an imaginary group of spectators, actually us who are watching the living theater more than a film by today’s standards. After the firing of the cannon, there occurs the use of something like special effects where the Man in the Moon, framed by clouds comes closer to the viewer and has human like expressions which show the space vehicle hitting him in the eye. It is a real human looking like he has whipped cream on his face.

Aztec Civilization Essay Research Paper The Aztec

Aztec Civilization Essay, Research Paper The Aztec Indians created a great civilisation in Central Mexico, making its extremum in the 1500 s. Being late reachings to the country, and because of their strong adjacent states, they were forced to populate in the boggy western countries of the Lake Texcoco. Because of the boggy milieus, the Aztecs used clay to make illumination islands in the swamps. These islands are called chinampas, or drifting gardens, and were used as agrarian lands. On these fertile islands they grew maize, squash, veggies, and flowers. Bing an agriculturally dependent imperium, the Aztec s faith was based extremely on the forces of nature and worshipped them as Gods. The God of war, Huitzilopochtli, was the most of import divinity. They had many other of import Gods, such as Tlaloc, the God of rain, Quetzalcoatl, the God of air current and of acquisition, and Tenochtitlan, the Sun God. The Aztecs believed in order to pacify these and many other Gods that they needed to execute human forfeits. The chief intent of the great Aztec pyramids was, in fact, human forfeits. They besides believed that there were lucky and luckless yearss for baptism and to declare war on, which were decided by a priest. Most art and architecture in the Aztec civilisation was based on their faith. There are many brilliantly colored wall paintings and pictures on walls and on bark which depict spiritual ceremonials, along with big graven images of Gods. One of the most astonishing and celebrated of the Aztec s art works is a immense calendar rock that weighs 22 dozenss and is 12 pess in diameter. On the rock is a image of what the Aztecs thought the existence was like. The Sun God is in the center, with the celestial spheres environing it, and images of people made out of cherished rocks. The Aztec signifier of authorship was in pictographs, or little images typifying objects or sounds. The Aztec enumeration system used pictographs besides, and was based on the figure 20. For illustration, a flag represented 20, a fir tree R epresented 20 times 20, or 400, and a pouch represented 400 times 20, or 8000. The capitol of the Aztec Empire was Tenochtitlan, which was built where contemporary Mexico City is. It was given the nickname Venice of the New World, because it had many canals. During the height of the Aztec civilisation, the population of this great metropolis numbered more than 200,000. This made it one of the most populated metropoliss in the ancient universe. The metropolis was connected to the mainland by 3 causeways, which, when flooded, served as protective butchs. In the metropolis aqueducts, which was likely the first type of indoor plumbing, brought fresh H2O into places. Many people used canoes to go through the metropolis. Most of the houses were made up of clay and distorted branchlets, but the aristocracy and priests had plastered brick or rock houses. In 1519, Spanish adventurer Hernando Cortes and more than 500 other Spaniards landed on the shores of Mexico in hunt of gold. The Aztecs welcomed the Spaniards and gave them gifts, because they thought they were Gods. Cortezs became greedy when he saw the tremendous sum of wealths that the Aztecs had. He took the Aztec leader, Montezuma, surety, and forced him to curse commitment to Spain. There the Spanish remained without opposition until, in Cortes absence, one of the officers massacred over 200 Aztecs while they had gathered for a spiritual ceremonial. This caused the Aztecs to revolt, and they drove the Spanish to the sea. Montezuma was killed in the combat, so he was replaced with a new leader, named Cuitlahuac. He merely ruled a few months, and so he died of a disease. Montezuma s nephew Cuauhtemoc so took over. The Spanish retreated to a nearby metropolis and rallied together to siege Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs were no lucifer for the Spanish arms, and they surrendered in Augus t of 1521. This marked the terminal of the last of the staying Native American Indians. Today, most of the posterities of the Aztec civilisation live in Mexico, where the Aztec Empire used to boom.

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 8

Strategic management - Essay Example (Florio, 2003) In 1981 the British Telecommunications Act separated BT from the Post Office and began the process of liberalization. Consequently in 1982, Mercury, an ancillary of Cable and Wireless, was certified as a national fixed line network operator became a competitor of BT. In 1983 the government declared its duopoly policy which stated that the only telecom service providers for fixed lines in the nation would be BT and Mercury for the coming 7 years. (Summanen, and Pollitt, 2003p.2) In 1982 the government planned to privatize BT. In 1984 the plan was executed and BT was privatized: 50.2% of its stakes were sold to the public. The creation of Oftel under the Telecommunications Act 1984 after BT’s privatization, finally led to the separation of its regulatory and operational functions. The privatization of BT in 1984 showed signs of a new structure of the telecom industry that could fare better in a competitive framework than in the public sector. The need for investment in the operations and services and customer orientation was acknowledged. (BT’s response, 2005, p.7) The duopoly stage of BT, from 1984 to 1990, led to a soft landing into competition. Even though BT sold its manufacturing units shortly after its privatization, the number of employees grew from1984 to1990. (Summanen, Pollitt, 2003, p.4) In 1987 Iain Vallance was selected as the chairman of BT. The initial reorganization of British telecom as an integrated telecommunications corporation was made in the early 1990s. In April 1991, BT came up with a different business structure, which was the outcome of a yearlong reorganization. BT’s new establishment concentrated on definite market sectors to satisfy the needs of a variety of customers- individuals, small companies, and MNCs. At the same time, the objective of achieving a leading position as a global telecommunications operator was laid down.